intro to business - part 4
1) Practicing ethical guidelines enables managers to become followers of moral management approach. They facilitate ethical business decisions. Which of the following is not an ethical guideline for managers?
(a) Upholding human dignity
(b) Obeying the law
(c) Non-allowance for participation of stakeholders in the decision-making process
(d) Primum Non-Nocere
(e) Telling the truth.
2) Despite the many advantages of planning, there may be some obstacles and limitations in this process, since nothing is perfect on this earth, as a general rule of law. Which of the following would not be considered a potential advantage of planning?
(a) It helps managers to be future oriented
(b) It enhances decision coordination
(c) It increases the amount of time available for other managerial functions
(d) It emphasizes organizational objectives
(e) It helps in offsetting uncertainty and risk.
3) Which of the following would not be an accurate depiction of the differences between strategic and tactical planning?
(a) Strategic planning is developed mainly by upper-level management and tactical planning is generally developed by lower-level management
(b) Facts for strategic planning are generally easier to gather than facts for tactical planning
(c) Strategic plans generally contain less details than tactical plans
(d) Strategic plans generally cover a longer period of time than tactical plans
(e) Managers who are engaged in the development of strategic plans tend to work in more uncertainty than those managers engaged in the development of tactical plans.
4) Using the BCG matrix requires considering which of the following factors?
(a) Types of risk associated with product development
(b) Threats that economic conditions can create in future
(c) Social factors
(d) Market shares and growth of markets in which products are selling
(e) Political pressures.
5) Proctor & Gamble (P&G) makes fourteen different laundry soap products and completely dominates the laundry detergent market. Through constant changes in packaging, it is trying to influence the perception of customers that its products are unique. Which of the following generic strategies is P&G using?
(a) Cost leadership
(b) Differentiation
(c) Focus
(d) Globalization
(e) Niche strategy.
6) The bargaining power of buyers, as described by Porter, is high when
(a) There are only a few players in the industry
(b) Their purchases form a large chunk of the sellers’ total sales
(c) There are no substitutes for products being purchased
(d) Products or services are critical to the buyer’s business
(e) There are great differences in products, in terms of features, manufactured by various suppliers.
7) The conflict-resolution approach that corresponds with a high level of assertiveness and a low level of cooperativeness, is referred to as
(a) Compromising
(b) Collaborating
(c) Forcing
(d) Avoiding
(e) Accommodating.
8) Which approach to decision-making under conditions of uncertainty believes that individual attitudes toward risk vary with events, with people and positions?
(a) Risk analysis
(b) Risk communication
(c) Decision trees
(d) Utility theory
(e) Game theory.
9) Which of the following are characteristics of a closed system?
I. It is perfectly deterministic and predictable.
II. There is no exchange between the system and the external environment.
III. It is a realistic view.
IV. It is flexible and adaptable.
(a) Both (I) and (II) above
(b) Both (I) and (IV) above
(c) Both (II) and (III) above
(d) Both (III) and (IV) above
(e) (I), (II) and (III) above.
10) Information that originates outside the organization is known as external information. Which of the following is an example of external information in an organization?
(a) Daily receipts and expenditures
(b) Salesperson quotas
(c) Descriptions of customer satisfaction with products and services
(d) Quantity of an item in hand or in inventory
(e) Cost and selling price of the company’s item.
11) The major disadvantage of the divisional structure is
(a) Diseconomies of scale
(b) Requires people with general managerial capabilities
(c) Managerial vacuum
(d) Duplication of activities and resources
(e) It is slow in responding to changes.
12) Power based upon identification with a person who has desirable resources or personal traits is known as
(a) Coercive power
(b) Legitimate power
(c) Expert power
(d) Referent power
(e) Reward power.
13) Which of the following decision-making models emphasizes short-run solution of a problem rather than long-term goal accomplishment?
(a) Rational model
(b) Satisficing model
(c) Incremental model
(d) Garbage-can model
(e) Decision tree.
14) Which of the following is usually the first step followed in the recruitment procedure?
(a) Designing job description
(b) Developing a job specification
(c) Performing job analysis
(d) Attracting a pool of applicants
(e) Selecting best recruits.
15) Which of the following is not a part of the human resource management function in most organizations?
(a) Sanctioning
(b) Performance appraisal
(c) Training
(d) Human resource planning
(e) Compensation.
16) Which of the following is the first step in formulating a career strategy?
(a) Development of strategic career alternatives
(b) Analysis of personal strengths and weaknesses
(c) Consistency testing and strategic choices
(d) Implementation of the career plan
(e) Monitoring progress.
17) Forces/traits within the manager that determine effective leadership behavior include his/her
I. Values.
II. Confidence in subordinates.
III. Hunger for power.
IV. Aggressiveness.
(a) Both (I) and (II) above
(b) Both (I) and (IV) above
(c) Both (III) and (IV) above
(d) (I), (II) and (IV) above
(e) All (I), (II), (III) and (IV) above.
18) Which of the following is an on-the-job training technique?
(a) Organizational socialization
(b) Creation of “assistant-to” positions
(c) Performance appraisal
(d) Job enlargement
(e) Job analysis.
19) According to Maslow, a person who is looking for affection, belongingness, acceptance, and friendship is at which need level?
(a) Physiological
(b) Safety
(c) Social
(d) Esteem
(e) Self-actualization.
20) Creativity is an important factor in managing people. Which of the following is not true with regard to the creativity process?
(a) Creativity is the ability to develop new ideas
(b) The creativity process starts with unconscious scanning
(c) Intuition connects the unconscious with the conscious
(d) Insight leads to intuition
(e) Insight is tested against organizational reality.
21) Which of the following is not one of the leadership styles suggested by path-goal theory?
(a) Instrumental leadership
(b) Benevolent-authoritative leadership
(c) Supportive leadership
(d) Participative leadership
(e) Achievement-oriented leadership.
22) Which of the following is not an effective listening technique?
(a) Avoiding premature evaluation
(b) Avoiding eye contact
(c) Exhibiting affirmative nods and appropriate facial gestures
(d) Finding an area of interest in what the other person is saying
(e) Judging the content of the message, but not the weakness of the speaker.
23) According to “Expectancy Theory”, the probability of an individual acting in a particular way depends on
I. The personality of the individual and the likelihood that it will change.
II. The company and its potential to move in the right direction.
III. The situation.
IV. The strength of that individual's belief that the act will have a particular outcome and on whether the individual values that outcome.
(a) Only (I) above
(b) Only (IV) above
(c) Both (I) and (III) above
(d) Both (II) and (IV) above
(e) (I), (III) and (IV) above.
24) Which of the following are reasons why productivity of knowledge workers is more difficult to measure than productivity of industrial workers?
I. The quality of a knowledge worker’s output cannot be determined immediately.
II. The output of a knowledge worker often contributes only indirectly to the achievement of the end-result.
III. Upgraded skills of knowledge workers due to rapid technological advances make output measurement difficult.
IV. Knowledge workers often assist other organizational units and this contribution is difficult to measure.
(a) Both (I) and (II) above
(b) Both (III) and (IV) above
(c) (I), (II) and (IV) above
(d) (II), (III) and (IV) above
(e) All (I), (II), (III) and (IV) above.
25) Which of the following are the characteristics of the planning process usually adopted in Japanese Management style?
I. Long-term orientation.
II. Individual decision-making.
III. Decisions flowing from bottom to top and back.
IV. Slow decision-making.
(a) Both (I) and (II) above
(b) Both (I) and (III) above
(c) Both (II) and IV) above
(d) (I), (III) and (IV) above
(e) (II), (III) and (IV) above.
(a) Upholding human dignity
(b) Obeying the law
(c) Non-allowance for participation of stakeholders in the decision-making process
(d) Primum Non-Nocere
(e) Telling the truth.
2) Despite the many advantages of planning, there may be some obstacles and limitations in this process, since nothing is perfect on this earth, as a general rule of law. Which of the following would not be considered a potential advantage of planning?
(a) It helps managers to be future oriented
(b) It enhances decision coordination
(c) It increases the amount of time available for other managerial functions
(d) It emphasizes organizational objectives
(e) It helps in offsetting uncertainty and risk.
3) Which of the following would not be an accurate depiction of the differences between strategic and tactical planning?
(a) Strategic planning is developed mainly by upper-level management and tactical planning is generally developed by lower-level management
(b) Facts for strategic planning are generally easier to gather than facts for tactical planning
(c) Strategic plans generally contain less details than tactical plans
(d) Strategic plans generally cover a longer period of time than tactical plans
(e) Managers who are engaged in the development of strategic plans tend to work in more uncertainty than those managers engaged in the development of tactical plans.
4) Using the BCG matrix requires considering which of the following factors?
(a) Types of risk associated with product development
(b) Threats that economic conditions can create in future
(c) Social factors
(d) Market shares and growth of markets in which products are selling
(e) Political pressures.
5) Proctor & Gamble (P&G) makes fourteen different laundry soap products and completely dominates the laundry detergent market. Through constant changes in packaging, it is trying to influence the perception of customers that its products are unique. Which of the following generic strategies is P&G using?
(a) Cost leadership
(b) Differentiation
(c) Focus
(d) Globalization
(e) Niche strategy.
6) The bargaining power of buyers, as described by Porter, is high when
(a) There are only a few players in the industry
(b) Their purchases form a large chunk of the sellers’ total sales
(c) There are no substitutes for products being purchased
(d) Products or services are critical to the buyer’s business
(e) There are great differences in products, in terms of features, manufactured by various suppliers.
7) The conflict-resolution approach that corresponds with a high level of assertiveness and a low level of cooperativeness, is referred to as
(a) Compromising
(b) Collaborating
(c) Forcing
(d) Avoiding
(e) Accommodating.
8) Which approach to decision-making under conditions of uncertainty believes that individual attitudes toward risk vary with events, with people and positions?
(a) Risk analysis
(b) Risk communication
(c) Decision trees
(d) Utility theory
(e) Game theory.
9) Which of the following are characteristics of a closed system?
I. It is perfectly deterministic and predictable.
II. There is no exchange between the system and the external environment.
III. It is a realistic view.
IV. It is flexible and adaptable.
(a) Both (I) and (II) above
(b) Both (I) and (IV) above
(c) Both (II) and (III) above
(d) Both (III) and (IV) above
(e) (I), (II) and (III) above.
10) Information that originates outside the organization is known as external information. Which of the following is an example of external information in an organization?
(a) Daily receipts and expenditures
(b) Salesperson quotas
(c) Descriptions of customer satisfaction with products and services
(d) Quantity of an item in hand or in inventory
(e) Cost and selling price of the company’s item.
11) The major disadvantage of the divisional structure is
(a) Diseconomies of scale
(b) Requires people with general managerial capabilities
(c) Managerial vacuum
(d) Duplication of activities and resources
(e) It is slow in responding to changes.
12) Power based upon identification with a person who has desirable resources or personal traits is known as
(a) Coercive power
(b) Legitimate power
(c) Expert power
(d) Referent power
(e) Reward power.
13) Which of the following decision-making models emphasizes short-run solution of a problem rather than long-term goal accomplishment?
(a) Rational model
(b) Satisficing model
(c) Incremental model
(d) Garbage-can model
(e) Decision tree.
14) Which of the following is usually the first step followed in the recruitment procedure?
(a) Designing job description
(b) Developing a job specification
(c) Performing job analysis
(d) Attracting a pool of applicants
(e) Selecting best recruits.
15) Which of the following is not a part of the human resource management function in most organizations?
(a) Sanctioning
(b) Performance appraisal
(c) Training
(d) Human resource planning
(e) Compensation.
16) Which of the following is the first step in formulating a career strategy?
(a) Development of strategic career alternatives
(b) Analysis of personal strengths and weaknesses
(c) Consistency testing and strategic choices
(d) Implementation of the career plan
(e) Monitoring progress.
17) Forces/traits within the manager that determine effective leadership behavior include his/her
I. Values.
II. Confidence in subordinates.
III. Hunger for power.
IV. Aggressiveness.
(a) Both (I) and (II) above
(b) Both (I) and (IV) above
(c) Both (III) and (IV) above
(d) (I), (II) and (IV) above
(e) All (I), (II), (III) and (IV) above.
18) Which of the following is an on-the-job training technique?
(a) Organizational socialization
(b) Creation of “assistant-to” positions
(c) Performance appraisal
(d) Job enlargement
(e) Job analysis.
19) According to Maslow, a person who is looking for affection, belongingness, acceptance, and friendship is at which need level?
(a) Physiological
(b) Safety
(c) Social
(d) Esteem
(e) Self-actualization.
20) Creativity is an important factor in managing people. Which of the following is not true with regard to the creativity process?
(a) Creativity is the ability to develop new ideas
(b) The creativity process starts with unconscious scanning
(c) Intuition connects the unconscious with the conscious
(d) Insight leads to intuition
(e) Insight is tested against organizational reality.
21) Which of the following is not one of the leadership styles suggested by path-goal theory?
(a) Instrumental leadership
(b) Benevolent-authoritative leadership
(c) Supportive leadership
(d) Participative leadership
(e) Achievement-oriented leadership.
22) Which of the following is not an effective listening technique?
(a) Avoiding premature evaluation
(b) Avoiding eye contact
(c) Exhibiting affirmative nods and appropriate facial gestures
(d) Finding an area of interest in what the other person is saying
(e) Judging the content of the message, but not the weakness of the speaker.
23) According to “Expectancy Theory”, the probability of an individual acting in a particular way depends on
I. The personality of the individual and the likelihood that it will change.
II. The company and its potential to move in the right direction.
III. The situation.
IV. The strength of that individual's belief that the act will have a particular outcome and on whether the individual values that outcome.
(a) Only (I) above
(b) Only (IV) above
(c) Both (I) and (III) above
(d) Both (II) and (IV) above
(e) (I), (III) and (IV) above.
24) Which of the following are reasons why productivity of knowledge workers is more difficult to measure than productivity of industrial workers?
I. The quality of a knowledge worker’s output cannot be determined immediately.
II. The output of a knowledge worker often contributes only indirectly to the achievement of the end-result.
III. Upgraded skills of knowledge workers due to rapid technological advances make output measurement difficult.
IV. Knowledge workers often assist other organizational units and this contribution is difficult to measure.
(a) Both (I) and (II) above
(b) Both (III) and (IV) above
(c) (I), (II) and (IV) above
(d) (II), (III) and (IV) above
(e) All (I), (II), (III) and (IV) above.
25) Which of the following are the characteristics of the planning process usually adopted in Japanese Management style?
I. Long-term orientation.
II. Individual decision-making.
III. Decisions flowing from bottom to top and back.
IV. Slow decision-making.
(a) Both (I) and (II) above
(b) Both (I) and (III) above
(c) Both (II) and IV) above
(d) (I), (III) and (IV) above
(e) (II), (III) and (IV) above.